Lair of Ancient 'Kraken' Sea Monster Possibly Discovered

A giant sea monster, the likes of the mythological kraken, may have swum Earth's ancient oceans, snagging what was thought to be the sea's top predators — school bus-size ichthyosaurs with fearsome teeth.

The kraken, which would've been nearly 100 feet (30 meters) long, or twice the size of the colossal squid, Mesonychoteuthis, likely drowned or broke the necks of the ichthyosaurs before dragging the corpses to its lair, akin to an octopus's midden, according to study researcher Mark McMenamin, a paleontologist at Mount Holyoke College in Massachusetts.

There is no direct evidence for the beast, though McMenaminsuggests that's because it was soft-bodied and didn't stand the test of time; even so, to make a firm case for its existence one would want to find more direct evidence.

McMenamin presented his work Monday (Oct. 10) at the annual meeting of the Geological Society of America in Minneapolis.

Cause of death

Evidence for the kraken and its gruesome attacks comes from markings on the bones of the remains of nine 45-foot (14 meter) ichthyosaurs of the species Shonisaurus popularis, which lived during the Triassic, a period that lasted from 248 million to 206 million years ago. The beasts were the Triassic version of today's predatory giant squid-eating sperm whales.

McMenamin was interested in solving a long-standing puzzle over the cause of death of the S. popularis individuals at the Berlin-Ichthyosaur State Park in Nevada. An expert on the site, Charles Lewis Camp of U.C. Berkeley, suggested in the 1950s that the ichthyosaurs succumbed to an accidental stranding or a toxic plankton bloom. However, nobody has been able to prove the beasts died in shallow water, with more recent work on the rocks around the fossils by Jennifer Hogler, then at the University of California Museum of Paleontoloy, suggesting they died in a deepwater environment. [See image of kraken's lair]

"I was aware that anytime there is controversy about depth, there is probably something interesting going on," McMenamin said. And when he and his daughter arrived at the park, they were struck by the remains' strangeness, particularly "a very odd configuration of bones."

The etching on the bones suggested the shonisaurs were not all killed and buried at the same time, he said. It also looked like the bones had been purposefully rearranged, likely carried to the "kraken's lair" after they had been killed. A similar behavior has been seen in modern octopus.

The markings and rearrangement of the S. popularis bones suggests an octopus-like creature (like a kraken) either drowned the ichthyosaurs or broke their necks, according to McMenamin.

The arranged vertebrae also seemed to resemble the pattern of sucker disks on a cephalopod's tentacle, with each vertebra strongly resembling a sucker made by a member of the Coleoidea, which includes octopuses, squid, cuttlefish and their relatives. The researchers suggest this pattern reveals a self-portrait of the mysterious beast.

The perfect crime?

Next, McMenamin wondered if an octopus-like creature could realistically have taken out the huge swimming predatory reptiles. Evidence is in their favor, it seems. Video taken by staff at the Seattle Aquarium showed that a large octopus in one of their large tanks had been killing the sharks.

"We think that this cephalopod in the Triassic was doing the same thing," McMenamin said. More supporting evidence: There were many more broken ribs seen in the shonisaur fossils than would seem accidental, as well as evidence of twisted necks.

"It was either drowning them or breaking their necks," McMenamin said.

So where did this kraken go? Since octopuses are mostly soft-bodied they don't fossilize well and scientists wouldn't expect to find their remains from so long ago. Only their beaks, or mouthparts, are hard and the chances of those being preserved nearby are very low, according to the researchers.

With such circumstanial evidence of "the crime," McMenamin expects his interpretation will draw skeptics. And, in fact, it has. Brian Switek, a research associate at the New Jersey State Museum, writing for Wired.com, is extremely skeptical, writing, "The McMenamins' entire case is based on peculiar inferences about the site. It is a case of reading the scattered bones as if they were tea leaves able to tell someone’s fortune. Rather than being distributed through the bonebed by natural processes related to decay and preservation, the McMenamins argue that the Shonisaurus bones were intentionally arrayed in a 'midden' by a huge cephalopod nearly 100 feet long" (McMenamin worked with his wife, Dianna Schulte McMenamin on the study.)

As for how McMenamin would respond to critics: "We're ready for this. We have a very good case," he said.

Source: Click Here

Lair of Ancient 'Kraken' Sea Monster Possibly Discovered

A giant sea monster, the likes of the mythological kraken, may have swum Earth's ancient oceans, snagging what was thought to be the sea's top predators — school bus-size ichthyosaurs with fearsome teeth.

The kraken, which would've been nearly 100 feet (30 meters) long, or twice the size of the colossal squid, Mesonychoteuthis, likely drowned or broke the necks of the ichthyosaurs before dragging the corpses to its lair, akin to an octopus's midden, according to study researcher Mark McMenamin, a paleontologist at Mount Holyoke College in Massachusetts.

There is no direct evidence for the beast, though McMenaminsuggests that's because it was soft-bodied and didn't stand the test of time; even so, to make a firm case for its existence one would want to find more direct evidence.

McMenamin presented his work Monday (Oct. 10) at the annual meeting of the Geological Society of America in Minneapolis.

Cause of death

Evidence for the kraken and its gruesome attacks comes from markings on the bones of the remains of nine 45-foot (14 meter) ichthyosaurs of the species Shonisaurus popularis, which lived during the Triassic, a period that lasted from 248 million to 206 million years ago. The beasts were the Triassic version of today's predatory giant squid-eating sperm whales.

McMenamin was interested in solving a long-standing puzzle over the cause of death of the S. popularis individuals at the Berlin-Ichthyosaur State Park in Nevada. An expert on the site, Charles Lewis Camp of U.C. Berkeley, suggested in the 1950s that the ichthyosaurs succumbed to an accidental stranding or a toxic plankton bloom. However, nobody has been able to prove the beasts died in shallow water, with more recent work on the rocks around the fossils by Jennifer Hogler, then at the University of California Museum of Paleontoloy, suggesting they died in a deepwater environment. [See image of kraken's lair]

"I was aware that anytime there is controversy about depth, there is probably something interesting going on," McMenamin said. And when he and his daughter arrived at the park, they were struck by the remains' strangeness, particularly "a very odd configuration of bones."

The etching on the bones suggested the shonisaurs were not all killed and buried at the same time, he said. It also looked like the bones had been purposefully rearranged, likely carried to the "kraken's lair" after they had been killed. A similar behavior has been seen in modern octopus.

The markings and rearrangement of the S. popularis bones suggests an octopus-like creature (like a kraken) either drowned the ichthyosaurs or broke their necks, according to McMenamin.

The arranged vertebrae also seemed to resemble the pattern of sucker disks on a cephalopod's tentacle, with each vertebra strongly resembling a sucker made by a member of the Coleoidea, which includes octopuses, squid, cuttlefish and their relatives. The researchers suggest this pattern reveals a self-portrait of the mysterious beast.

The perfect crime?

Next, McMenamin wondered if an octopus-like creature could realistically have taken out the huge swimming predatory reptiles. Evidence is in their favor, it seems. Video taken by staff at the Seattle Aquarium showed that a large octopus in one of their large tanks had been killing the sharks.

"We think that this cephalopod in the Triassic was doing the same thing," McMenamin said. More supporting evidence: There were many more broken ribs seen in the shonisaur fossils than would seem accidental, as well as evidence of twisted necks.

"It was either drowning them or breaking their necks," McMenamin said.

So where did this kraken go? Since octopuses are mostly soft-bodied they don't fossilize well and scientists wouldn't expect to find their remains from so long ago. Only their beaks, or mouthparts, are hard and the chances of those being preserved nearby are very low, according to the researchers.

With such circumstanial evidence of "the crime," McMenamin expects his interpretation will draw skeptics. And, in fact, it has. Brian Switek, a research associate at the New Jersey State Museum, writing for Wired.com, is extremely skeptical, writing, "The McMenamins' entire case is based on peculiar inferences about the site. It is a case of reading the scattered bones as if they were tea leaves able to tell someone’s fortune. Rather than being distributed through the bonebed by natural processes related to decay and preservation, the McMenamins argue that the Shonisaurus bones were intentionally arrayed in a 'midden' by a huge cephalopod nearly 100 feet long" (McMenamin worked with his wife, Dianna Schulte McMenamin on the study.)

As for how McMenamin would respond to critics: "We're ready for this. We have a very good case," he said.

Source: Click Here

6 Myths About Freezing Food

Last week I went to town on my freezer, throwing out all kinds of frozen packages from vegetables to meat to leftovers.

I filled my 13-gallon trash can, then promptly walked it out to the dumpster for collection. I felt incredibly guilty about how much food I was tossing, but some of it looked more like a science experiment than something I would actually eat. I vowed to take better inventory of the stuff I store in my freezer, but I couldn’t shake the guilty feeling of being so wasteful. Was it really necessary to throw all that food away? So I looked into the facts about freezing foods and found some surprising information that will help me be a little more thrifty in the future.

Myth: You can freeze all foods.

While it’s true most edibles freeze under the right conditions, there are some that should never see the inside of your freezer. Delicate vegetables like lettuce practically disintegrate when they’re frozen then thawed. Creamy sauces that are frozen separate and “break” or curdle when thawed. Even coffee shouldn’t be stored in the freezer—especially dark roasts. The oils that make them so special break down in freezing temperatures, allowing the coffee to readily absorb off- flavors. The USDA also advises not to freeze canned goods or eggs in their shell. (But you can freeze canned goods if they are removed from their original packaging, as well as eggs as long as they are removed from their shell.)

Myth: You can freeze food indefinitely.
This is true at least from a food-safety standpoint, but quality suffers the longer food is frozen. Here are some guidelines from the USDA as to how long to keep food in your freezer (at 0 degrees F) for optimal freshness:

• Soups, stews and casseroles: 2-3 months
• Cooked meat 2-3 months
• Uncooked steaks, roasts or chops: 4-12 months
• Cooked poultry: 4 months
• Uncooked poultry: 9-12 months

Of course how you store the item will lengthen or shorten its freezer life. Air coupled with moisture is the enemy of frozen food (think freezer burn), so if you can keep those two elements out you’ll give your frozen foods a longer life. That’s why I love the vacuum sealer. It sucks air out of the packaging so foods last longer than if they’re just stored in plastic bags or their original packaging.

Myth: Freezing kills bacteria.
Freezing foods renders bacteria inactive but doesn’t actually kill anything. That means if your food went into the freezer contaminated, once thawed it will still harbor the same harmful bacteria. Cooking it to the recommended temperature is the only way to ensure that your food is safe.

Myth: Frozen food has fewer nutrients than fresh.
Actually, the opposite can be true. Frozen fruits and vegetables may be even more healthful than some of the fresh produce sold in supermarkets because they tend to be processed at their peak ripeness, a time when, as a general rule, they are most nutrient-packed. If you’re worried about nutrient loss, eat your frozen fruits and veggies soon after purchase: over many months, nutrients in frozen vegetables do inevitably degrade. Finally, steam or microwave rather than boil your produce to minimize the loss of water-soluble vitamins.

Myth: Once thawed, food cannot be refrozen without cooking it first.
You can freeze and refreeze to your heart’s content as long as the food has not been left outside the fridge for more than 2 hours (or 1 hour in 90-degree heat). One point to be aware of is that refreezing anything uncooked, especially meat, will degrade the quality due to the loss of moisture in the thawing process. So although it is technically safe to eat, from a culinary standpoint, it’s best to avoid refreezing if at all possible.

Myth: You can store frozen food long-term anywhere in your freezer or anywhere that’s cold.
The door of the freezer is a handy place to store frozen items, but not necessarily the best place for long-term storage. The temperature near and on the door fluctuates every time the door is opened. Although the food may remain frozen, the freezing process could be slowed, opening up the possibility for larger ice crystals to form inside the food and destroy its integrity. To prevent this, store frozen foods toward the back of the freezer where a constant 0 degrees F is more likely to be achieved and use goods stored near the front or on the door sooner. And if the power goes out? Don’t open the freezer door! According to the USDA, a full freezer should remain frozen for 2 days. And if you’re tempted to store your freezer overflow in a snowbank—don’t. Even if the temperature is very cold, the sun can still heat up your frozen foods to dangerously warm temperatures. This is still an excellent way to store beer, though. So keep doing that.

How long do you keep food in your freezer?

Source : Click Here

6 Myths About Freezing Food

Last week I went to town on my freezer, throwing out all kinds of frozen packages from vegetables to meat to leftovers.

I filled my 13-gallon trash can, then promptly walked it out to the dumpster for collection. I felt incredibly guilty about how much food I was tossing, but some of it looked more like a science experiment than something I would actually eat. I vowed to take better inventory of the stuff I store in my freezer, but I couldn’t shake the guilty feeling of being so wasteful. Was it really necessary to throw all that food away? So I looked into the facts about freezing foods and found some surprising information that will help me be a little more thrifty in the future.

Myth: You can freeze all foods.

While it’s true most edibles freeze under the right conditions, there are some that should never see the inside of your freezer. Delicate vegetables like lettuce practically disintegrate when they’re frozen then thawed. Creamy sauces that are frozen separate and “break” or curdle when thawed. Even coffee shouldn’t be stored in the freezer—especially dark roasts. The oils that make them so special break down in freezing temperatures, allowing the coffee to readily absorb off- flavors. The USDA also advises not to freeze canned goods or eggs in their shell. (But you can freeze canned goods if they are removed from their original packaging, as well as eggs as long as they are removed from their shell.)

Myth: You can freeze food indefinitely.
This is true at least from a food-safety standpoint, but quality suffers the longer food is frozen. Here are some guidelines from the USDA as to how long to keep food in your freezer (at 0 degrees F) for optimal freshness:

• Soups, stews and casseroles: 2-3 months
• Cooked meat 2-3 months
• Uncooked steaks, roasts or chops: 4-12 months
• Cooked poultry: 4 months
• Uncooked poultry: 9-12 months

Of course how you store the item will lengthen or shorten its freezer life. Air coupled with moisture is the enemy of frozen food (think freezer burn), so if you can keep those two elements out you’ll give your frozen foods a longer life. That’s why I love the vacuum sealer. It sucks air out of the packaging so foods last longer than if they’re just stored in plastic bags or their original packaging.

Myth: Freezing kills bacteria.
Freezing foods renders bacteria inactive but doesn’t actually kill anything. That means if your food went into the freezer contaminated, once thawed it will still harbor the same harmful bacteria. Cooking it to the recommended temperature is the only way to ensure that your food is safe.

Myth: Frozen food has fewer nutrients than fresh.
Actually, the opposite can be true. Frozen fruits and vegetables may be even more healthful than some of the fresh produce sold in supermarkets because they tend to be processed at their peak ripeness, a time when, as a general rule, they are most nutrient-packed. If you’re worried about nutrient loss, eat your frozen fruits and veggies soon after purchase: over many months, nutrients in frozen vegetables do inevitably degrade. Finally, steam or microwave rather than boil your produce to minimize the loss of water-soluble vitamins.

Myth: Once thawed, food cannot be refrozen without cooking it first.
You can freeze and refreeze to your heart’s content as long as the food has not been left outside the fridge for more than 2 hours (or 1 hour in 90-degree heat). One point to be aware of is that refreezing anything uncooked, especially meat, will degrade the quality due to the loss of moisture in the thawing process. So although it is technically safe to eat, from a culinary standpoint, it’s best to avoid refreezing if at all possible.

Myth: You can store frozen food long-term anywhere in your freezer or anywhere that’s cold.
The door of the freezer is a handy place to store frozen items, but not necessarily the best place for long-term storage. The temperature near and on the door fluctuates every time the door is opened. Although the food may remain frozen, the freezing process could be slowed, opening up the possibility for larger ice crystals to form inside the food and destroy its integrity. To prevent this, store frozen foods toward the back of the freezer where a constant 0 degrees F is more likely to be achieved and use goods stored near the front or on the door sooner. And if the power goes out? Don’t open the freezer door! According to the USDA, a full freezer should remain frozen for 2 days. And if you’re tempted to store your freezer overflow in a snowbank—don’t. Even if the temperature is very cold, the sun can still heat up your frozen foods to dangerously warm temperatures. This is still an excellent way to store beer, though. So keep doing that.

How long do you keep food in your freezer?

Source : Click Here

Rare Sea Horses Found in the River Thames

Evidence of a colony of rare sea horses has been discovered in the Thames, the Eviroment Agency said.

The short-snouted sea horse, which grows up to 6in long, is more commonly found in the waters of the Mediterranean and Canary Islands.

It has often been a visitor to coastal waters around Britain but the agency said it had never been found so far upriver.

The sightings during a routine fisheries survey at Greenwich suggest there may be permanent populations in Britain and that the sea horses, which mate for life after elaborate courtship rituals, may be breeding in the Thames. Emma Barton, a fisheries officer at the Environment Agency, said: "The sea horse we found was only a juvenile, suggesting that they may be breeding nearby.

"This is a really good sign that sea horse populations are not only increasing but spreading to locations where they haven't been seen before.''

She added: "We hope further improvements to water quality and habitat in the Thames will encourage more of these rare species to take up residence.''

Source: Click Here

Rare Sea Horses Found in the River Thames

Evidence of a colony of rare sea horses has been discovered in the Thames, the Eviroment Agency said.

The short-snouted sea horse, which grows up to 6in long, is more commonly found in the waters of the Mediterranean and Canary Islands.

It has often been a visitor to coastal waters around Britain but the agency said it had never been found so far upriver.

The sightings during a routine fisheries survey at Greenwich suggest there may be permanent populations in Britain and that the sea horses, which mate for life after elaborate courtship rituals, may be breeding in the Thames. Emma Barton, a fisheries officer at the Environment Agency, said: "The sea horse we found was only a juvenile, suggesting that they may be breeding nearby.

"This is a really good sign that sea horse populations are not only increasing but spreading to locations where they haven't been seen before.''

She added: "We hope further improvements to water quality and habitat in the Thames will encourage more of these rare species to take up residence.''

Source: Click Here

Lockheed Stratoliner : Jet that Can Fly Anywhere Without Stopping

Lockheed Stratoliner concept is a hydrogen-powered jet that can fly anywhere on Earth without stopping

The bar-tailed Godwit holds the world record for how far a bird can fly without stopping to feed - one of  the Australian birds flew to Alaska without stopping to feed, flying for an astonishing 7,256 miles.

So designer William Black took the bird's wings as his inspiration for a 'zero-emission' jet - the Lockheed Stratoliner concept - which would use bird-like wings for extended lift on high-altitude flights. 

His idea was a jet that could fly anywhere on Earth - emitting no pollution whatsoever.

The Stratoliner would fly at heights far above commercial aircraft - using its unusually shaped wings for 'lift'

The idea is still some way off, however. Hydrogen-powered flight has only been demonstrated a few times - and then only in small aircraft.

Black's concept was meant to illustrate the potential of a zero-emission aircraft that could fly anywhere on Earth - using extreme aerodynamic lift to reach altitudes where the air would offer less resistance and it could glide like a bird.

The designer's page on Yanko Design says, 'Oversized wings generate large amounts of lift and permit flight at higher altitudes.'

The Lockheed Stratoliner would use four hydrogen engines to 'lift' to extreme altitude and float like a bird

The Stratoliner would fly at far higher altitudes than any current aircraft - in theory 'Four Cryogenic Hydrogen Turbofan engines power flight with zero emissions and can operate in a low-power state similar to that of fighter jets, saving a substantial amount of fuel.'

Cryogenic Hydrogen Turbofan engines are, likewise, some way from emerging into the real world. But the concept is beautiful. 

Whether the future of air travel truly turns out to look like a curvy-winged Australian wading bird remains to be seen.

Lockheed Stratoliner : Jet that Can Fly Anywhere Without Stopping

Lockheed Stratoliner concept is a hydrogen-powered jet that can fly anywhere on Earth without stopping

The bar-tailed Godwit holds the world record for how far a bird can fly without stopping to feed - one of  the Australian birds flew to Alaska without stopping to feed, flying for an astonishing 7,256 miles.

So designer William Black took the bird's wings as his inspiration for a 'zero-emission' jet - the Lockheed Stratoliner concept - which would use bird-like wings for extended lift on high-altitude flights. 

His idea was a jet that could fly anywhere on Earth - emitting no pollution whatsoever.

The Stratoliner would fly at heights far above commercial aircraft - using its unusually shaped wings for 'lift'

The idea is still some way off, however. Hydrogen-powered flight has only been demonstrated a few times - and then only in small aircraft.

Black's concept was meant to illustrate the potential of a zero-emission aircraft that could fly anywhere on Earth - using extreme aerodynamic lift to reach altitudes where the air would offer less resistance and it could glide like a bird.

The designer's page on Yanko Design says, 'Oversized wings generate large amounts of lift and permit flight at higher altitudes.'

The Lockheed Stratoliner would use four hydrogen engines to 'lift' to extreme altitude and float like a bird

The Stratoliner would fly at far higher altitudes than any current aircraft - in theory 'Four Cryogenic Hydrogen Turbofan engines power flight with zero emissions and can operate in a low-power state similar to that of fighter jets, saving a substantial amount of fuel.'

Cryogenic Hydrogen Turbofan engines are, likewise, some way from emerging into the real world. But the concept is beautiful. 

Whether the future of air travel truly turns out to look like a curvy-winged Australian wading bird remains to be seen.

Mobile Phones Radiation Highly Hazardous To Health

As he spoke by cell phone, the transmitter receives the sound of your voice and encodes them into a sine wave without stopping.
Sine wave is a kind of wave of change is relentless radiating out from the antenna and fluctuates evenly through space.

Sine wave is the limit of frequency measurement. Frequency per second is the time it takes the wave reaches the highest and lowest points. When encoding, the sound has been changed into a sine wave and the transmitter sends a signal to an antenna that sends signals out. The mobile phones have low-power transmitters. Most phones in the car has a powerful 3-watt transmitter. Cellular phones that we use to work at 0.75 to 1 watt of power. The position transmitter is located inside the mobile phone varies depending on the manufacture, but are usually located adjacent to the antenna.

Radio waves that send the signal encoding is the result of the spread of electromagnetic radiation by the antenna. The function of the antenna on most radio transmitter to send radio waves up into the sky. In the case of mobile phones, the wave is carried by a cellular phone transmitter on the tower.

The effects of mobile phone radiation:
• Cancer
• Brain tumors
• Alzheimer's
• Parkinson's
• Fatigue
• Dizziness

But there are ways to anticipate the mobile phone radiation:
• Use handsfree (headset)
• Use the phone antennae as far as possible with your ears
• Long antenna during use
• Limit the use of telephone inside the building
• Limit telephone usage in children

Source : Click Here

Mobile Phones Radiation Highly Hazardous To Health

As he spoke by cell phone, the transmitter receives the sound of your voice and encodes them into a sine wave without stopping.
Sine wave is a kind of wave of change is relentless radiating out from the antenna and fluctuates evenly through space.

Sine wave is the limit of frequency measurement. Frequency per second is the time it takes the wave reaches the highest and lowest points. When encoding, the sound has been changed into a sine wave and the transmitter sends a signal to an antenna that sends signals out. The mobile phones have low-power transmitters. Most phones in the car has a powerful 3-watt transmitter. Cellular phones that we use to work at 0.75 to 1 watt of power. The position transmitter is located inside the mobile phone varies depending on the manufacture, but are usually located adjacent to the antenna.

Radio waves that send the signal encoding is the result of the spread of electromagnetic radiation by the antenna. The function of the antenna on most radio transmitter to send radio waves up into the sky. In the case of mobile phones, the wave is carried by a cellular phone transmitter on the tower.

The effects of mobile phone radiation:
• Cancer
• Brain tumors
• Alzheimer's
• Parkinson's
• Fatigue
• Dizziness

But there are ways to anticipate the mobile phone radiation:
• Use handsfree (headset)
• Use the phone antennae as far as possible with your ears
• Long antenna during use
• Limit the use of telephone inside the building
• Limit telephone usage in children

Source : Click Here

8 How to Develop the Right Brain

Have we (often) not confident that we CREATIVE? It's just a presumption that actually drown our self-confidence to be creative!

Think and act creatively is an attempt to use the right brain (right hemisphere) more actively. During this time, most people only use his left brain associated with language, logic, and symbols and is directed at linear thinking and vertical (from one logical conclusion to the other logical conclusion).


In more balanced, right-brain-related functions of emotion, intuitive, and spatial as well as work based on the kaleidoscope and lateral thinking (to consider the issue from all sides and arrive at different things) is part of the brain that plays an important role in creativity.

 Right brain will generate ideas that are not conventional, not systematic, and unstructured. This does not mean the right-brain thinking is something that is arbitrary, but the right-brain thinking related to something new, unusual, and different from what went before.

Here are 8 ways you can do to develop the right brain:

1. Always ask: "Is there another way ..??"" That way, our brains are encouraged to seek alternatives best! "

2. Against habits, routines, and traditions. "Ya he, naturally wrote an entrepreneur must have had an unusual background and against the tradition!"

3. Playing the game - the mental game, trying to look at problems from different perspectives. Come play the Rubik! train the brain and emotions really!

4. Realizing that there is more than one correct answer. "It is not permissible for high school kids who are multiple-choice exams! Because only; CHOOSE THE RIGHT ONE ANSWER!

5. Seeing the problem as a springboard to find new ideas. "If the problem is too many and heavy, it means being in the Test by God! Then immediately repent and pray a lot.

6. Seeing the mistakes and failures as a means to gain success. "Do not always complain of course! Not useful! "

7. Connecting ideas unrelated to find new and innovative solutions. "Instead of connecting ideas, her ideas are hard .. that there is also cheating idea! "

8. Have "the skills helicopter" is a thorough looking over and against a variety of routine things that happen in everyday life and then take decisions in accordance with the problem at hand.

Source : Click Here

8 How to Develop the Right Brain

Have we (often) not confident that we CREATIVE? It's just a presumption that actually drown our self-confidence to be creative!

Think and act creatively is an attempt to use the right brain (right hemisphere) more actively. During this time, most people only use his left brain associated with language, logic, and symbols and is directed at linear thinking and vertical (from one logical conclusion to the other logical conclusion).


In more balanced, right-brain-related functions of emotion, intuitive, and spatial as well as work based on the kaleidoscope and lateral thinking (to consider the issue from all sides and arrive at different things) is part of the brain that plays an important role in creativity.

 Right brain will generate ideas that are not conventional, not systematic, and unstructured. This does not mean the right-brain thinking is something that is arbitrary, but the right-brain thinking related to something new, unusual, and different from what went before.

Here are 8 ways you can do to develop the right brain:

1. Always ask: "Is there another way ..??"" That way, our brains are encouraged to seek alternatives best! "

2. Against habits, routines, and traditions. "Ya he, naturally wrote an entrepreneur must have had an unusual background and against the tradition!"

3. Playing the game - the mental game, trying to look at problems from different perspectives. Come play the Rubik! train the brain and emotions really!

4. Realizing that there is more than one correct answer. "It is not permissible for high school kids who are multiple-choice exams! Because only; CHOOSE THE RIGHT ONE ANSWER!

5. Seeing the problem as a springboard to find new ideas. "If the problem is too many and heavy, it means being in the Test by God! Then immediately repent and pray a lot.

6. Seeing the mistakes and failures as a means to gain success. "Do not always complain of course! Not useful! "

7. Connecting ideas unrelated to find new and innovative solutions. "Instead of connecting ideas, her ideas are hard .. that there is also cheating idea! "

8. Have "the skills helicopter" is a thorough looking over and against a variety of routine things that happen in everyday life and then take decisions in accordance with the problem at hand.

Source : Click Here

Why Leaves Change Color in the Fall

The primary thing that triggers the changing of colors in leaves is the length of day.  

However, moisture and temperature play a role as well.  For instance, an extreme drought in the summer can delay somewhat the changing of the colors in fall.  Why this is the case is not wholly understood, but it is possibly from the tree not being able to make as much food to store up for the winter, in the case of the drought, so it might be trying to push the envelope a little in terms of making food for a couple more weeks before needing to shed the leaves.

Temperature also plays a part in the ultimate vividness of the color.  However, as far as the timing goes, seems to play a very small role given that trees of the same species at very high elevations, where it is colder, will have their leaves change color at nearly the exact same time as those of the same species at lower elevations on the same latitude line.

Primarily though, as the length of day shortens, at a certain point which varies by species, some mechanism in the tree will trigger it to begin the process of closing up the veins to the leaves and eventually shedding them, lest they freeze while the veins are still open which can potentially harm the tree.

There are three main things that give leaves their color.  Those are: chlorophyll (green), which is necessary for photosynthesis; carotenoids, such as carotene and xanthophylls, which produce the orange and yellow colors, but whose roles are not entirely understood; and anthocyanins, which give us the shades of red and purple.

In the former two cases of chlorophyll and carotenoids, they are both present in the leaves during the summer, but the chlorophyll more or less covers up the carotenoids, so you see a mostly green leaf, rather than orange or yellow.  The anthocyanins, on the other hand, are primarily produced as a result of glucose that is trapped in the leaves when the veins are closed off.  These sugars then break down as a result of sunlight and produce the red and purple pigments.

During the summer, the plant is continually producing chlorophyll to aid in the production of glucose, which the tree uses for food.  Once the day length decreases sufficiently, the tree gradually starts to decrease the production of chlorophyll and the veins to the leave slowly close off.  When this happens, what you have left is the carotenoids and, depending on the species and environmental factors, possibly the produced anthocyanins.

Trees and their colors:

• Oak leaves tend to turn brown or red or a mix of those two.
• Hickory leaves tend to turn bronze colored.
• Aspen leaves tend to turn golden colored.
• Dogwood leaves tend to turn a mix of purple and red.
• Maple tree leaves vary quite a bit in autumn color.  Red maple will turn scarlet.  Sugar maple will turn orange-ish/red.  Black maple will turn bright yellow.
• Elm tree leaves tend to simply fall off without really changing color much before falling.

Bonus Factoids:

• While most trees will not leave much of any glucose in the leaves before closing up the veins completley, some do and the formation of anthocyanin pigments from glucose left in tree leaves is somewhat of an oddity in nature.   It is not known exactly why these trees would waste the food in the leaves like this (such wastefulness of produced food being rare in nature).  Some scientists believe it helps the trees keep the leaves longer as the anthocyanins lower the freezing point of the leaves.  Others think it is because the anthocyanins, once absorbed into the ground from the composted fallen leaves, help prevent certain other plant species from growing where the leaves fell.  Thus, making sure the tree doesn’t have much competition for nutrients in the soil around the tree.
• Anthocyanin pigments give the colors to such things as: cranberries, red apples, concord grapes, blueberries, huckleberries, cherries, strawberries, and plums, among others.
• Carotenoids give the color to such things as: corn, carrots, daffodils, rutabagas, buttercups, and bananas.
• The eventual brown color of leaves comes from waste left in the leaves when the veins closed up, specifically from tannin.  Tannin is a bitter plant compound that either binds or shrinks proteins and other organic compounds, such as amino acids and alkaloids.
• The destruction of tannin plays an important part in the ripening process of foods, as well as the aging of wine.
• The most vivid colors on tree leaves can typically be observed after a succession of very warm sunny days in autumn, which in turn give way to cold, but not freezing, nights.  This is a result of the fact that a lot of sugars will be produced in the daytime in these leaves, assuming there is still moisture present, but the veins in the leaves will be closed off, or nearly closed off, so the sugars remain in the leaves.  This spurs production of the anthocyanin pigments.  If there are also carotenoids present, you’ll see from this some vivid leaves which may contain some mix of yellow/orange/red/purple colors.
• When the tree’s leaves change color varies quite a bit among different species.  Certain tree’s leaves will begin changing in late summer, when most other plant’s leaves are still green.  On the other end of that, certain trees, like Oaks, won’t have their leaves change until well after most other species of trees have already lost all their leaves.
• Fallen leaves are essential to most forests.  A layer of fallen leaves provides a damp, protected environment for certain tree seeds to germinate in.  The leaves themselves are also eventually composted into the ground and in turn enrich the soil.  Because of the former need for the leaves for proper seed germination in some trees and the ability of the leaves to hold in moisture in the ground, many types of worms can destroy the ability for forests to spread and have new growth as they quickly multiply and process the fallen leaves making for rich soil and a clean forest bed, the latter of which, being a bad thing for most forests.
• Leaves are the food processing factories for trees.  The plants use their roots to take in water and other essential nutrients.  The leaves then use the water and carbon dioxide from the air, in combination with sunlight, to turn the water and carbon dioxide into glucose, also giving off the byproduct, oxygen.  It then uses the glucose for energy for growing and maintaining itself.  Excess glucose is then turned into starch by the trees and used during winter for food.
• “Evergreen” trees have needle-like leaves, these needles will typically stay on for two to four years before falling off and making way for new leaves.  These special type of leaves are specially made for surviving freezing temperatures without damage, which is why they can stay on year round when their broad-leaved brethren cannot keep their leaves.  The primary disadvantage to them over broad leaves is the lessened surface area for creating food.
• Leaves are considered a plant organ and generally consist of: an epidermis that covers the leaf completely; an interior chlorenchyma (plant tissue consisting of parenchyma cells that contain chlorophyll), which is called a mesophyll; and veins that provide the leaves with water and necessary nutrients.

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